Type	Description	Photo	MTPY	Current Solution	AST Solution
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)	The solid waste generated by individuals, businesses and industries that is not regulated as hazardous or listed as universal or special wastes		468	54.2% landfilled 34.1% recycled 11.7% combusted	The AST process gasifies organics, recover metals in ingots and leaves no residuals to be landfilled
Construction & Demolition (C&D)	Waste generated by the constructions and demolition of homes, buildings, roads, etc.		128	This material is land-filled. The C&D debris made in the US each year can fill a typical city street 4 ft tall with trash and run that wall from NY to LA 6 times.	50% of this waste is organic and suited for gasification by AST. Metals are automatically re-cycled by AST
Biosolids	The dewatered solids left over from waste water treatment plants that are mainly organic com-pounds having the con-sistency of wet cardboard		8.2	Most biosolids are disposed of in landfills. Disposal can be done on land used for non food crops but heavy metal contamination is possible	The high organic content of the material makes it an ideal product for gasification
Auto Shredder Residue (ASR; car fluff)	What is left over after shredding and processing of cars for scrap metal. ASR consists of rubber, cloth, glass, dirt and metal from the wiring		4.9	Landfilled	Material is high in BTU’s (similar to coal) and is readily gasified
Railroad Ties (cross ties)	Timbers impregnated with Creosote or other preservatives		0.4	Cross ties can only be combusted in special furnaces. They are still used for land-scape retaining walls	AST can safely gasify the cross ties without environmental or health concerns about the preservatives used
Coal Ash; the wet form is known as fly ash	The left over after coal combustion. It is 1/5 to 1/3 the volume of the combusted coal		131	Coal ash is stockpiled and re-used (43%). The enormous fly ash spill in Kingston, TN demonstrates the dangers. There are over 1,000 fly ash ponds in the US	AST can vitrify coal ash into harmless material while recovering the carbon in the ash. The percentage of unburned carbon depends on the coal being combusted
Tires	These are used tires being discarded from cars, trucks and off –the- road vehicles		4.9	There are 275m tires stock-piled in the US. Only 12.6% of tires are being land disposed. Tires that are buried are shredded or they will float to the surface	AST can gasify the rubber and recover the stainless steel found in the belts and bead
Pulp & Paper (P&P)	The type and volume of P&P waste varies by mill. Recycling mills generate 10% to 15% in “rejects”. Mills generate significant waste water cellulosic sludges		15	51.8% landfilled or lagooned; 14.6% land use application; 21.9% incineration; 11.7% other uses	AST can generate power and steam from the waste for mills, better than conven-tional combustion. AST turns excess moisture to hydrogen
Steel mills	Steel mills and found-ries produce a large variety of wastes, from fines to slag to used casting sand contam-inated with metals		45	Some of these products have markets depending on location. Most are landfilled or disposed of as toxic wastes due to high metal concentrations	AST can process an recover the metals in many of these wastes. It can also process the coke fines without additional steps
E-Waste	Electronic waste, e-waste, e-scrap, or waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) describes discarded electrical or electronic devices		3.2	There is limited recycling of these items. Many are ending up in third world countries where the the products are burned to recover the metals in the waste, generating toxic fumes	AST’s thermal plasma process can safely recover metal from chlorinated mixes as no furan or dioxins are produced. Precious metals in e-waste sell for $6,000 to $10,000 /ton
Aluminum spent pot liners	These are the used refractory linings of the pots used in smelting aluminum. The EPA classifies them as K088, the single most toxic waste from the aluminum industry. They contain cyanide, fluoride, arsenic and other toxins		0.1	There is no remedy to decontaminate and dispose of K088 in an environmentally safe way. Today it is buried in hazardous landfills. Current Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) has caused a 3 fold increase in the volume due to dilution of wastes	AST’s thermal plasma process is an ideal method for treating spent pot liners. Aluminum can be recovered from the dross using plasma